Saudi Arabia, officially known as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a vast nation occupying the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, is a land of contrasts—where ancient traditions meet modern innovation. Bordered by the Red Sea to the west and the Persian Gulf to the east, this country is known for its rich history, breathtaking deserts, and bustling urban centers. As an expat, you’ll find Saudi Arabia to be a unique place, offering a blend of tradition and progress.
A Glimpse into History: Saudi Arabia’s history is deeply rooted in the Arabian Peninsula’s ancient past, but the modern kingdom began taking shape in 1744. The formation of the Saudi state started when Muhammad ibn Saud, a local ruler, allied with religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab. Over time, the Saud family overcame challenges from other Arabian tribes, Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire to establish control. The current Saudi state was founded in the early 20th century by King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, who played a key role in uniting the Arabian Peninsula. The discovery of vast oil reserves in 1938 transformed Saudi Arabia into an economic powerhouse.
Geography, Environment, & Climate: Saudi Arabia covers approximately 80% of the Arabian Peninsula, making it one of the world’s largest countries. The geography is diverse—from the Tihamah coastal plains by the Red Sea to the towering mountains of Jabal al-Hejaz, and the vast, unforgiving Rub’ al Khali desert. The climate is generally hot and arid, with summer temperatures often soaring above 50°C (122°F). In winter, the interior regions can experience frost and occasional snowfall, particularly in the higher elevations.
Population:Â Saudi Arabia is home to a population of over 34.1 million people, including approximately 6.5 million expats. The country has seen rapid urbanization since the 1960s, and today, over 95% of the population resides in urban areas. The blend of Saudi nationals and a large expatriate community creates a diverse cultural landscape.
Currency: The official currency is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). It’s essential to familiarize yourself with the local currency for day-to-day transactions, especially when renting housing or managing living expenses.
Living as an Expat: Housing: As an expat in Saudi Arabia, finding a comfortable place to live is crucial. While you cannot own property, a wide range of rental options are available—from apartments to spacious villas, both inside and outside of gated compounds. Urban and suburban areas offer various living choices to suit different budgets and preferences. Most multinational companies provide relocation assistance, which includes helping expats find suitable accommodation. If you’re handling your relocation independently, your sponsor will likely assist in finding housing. When choosing a home, consider proximity to your workplace, the type and size of living space you need, and the amenities available in the area.
Daily life in Saudi Arabia is shaped by the country’s unique culture and religious practices. It’s important to respect local customs, dress modestly, and be aware of prayer times, as they can influence daily activities and business hours.
Getting There & Around:Â Saudi Arabia has streamlined its immigration process, making it easier for expats to enter the country, although peak travel times like Hajj and Ramadan may still result in longer waits. The country has four international airports that handle most of the incoming traffic.
While Saudi Arabia has a well-developed public transport system, including the Saudi Arabian Public Transport Company’s bus services and a train line connecting Riyadh and Dammam, private cars remain the preferred mode of transportation. Roads are generally well-maintained, and driving is a common way to get around, especially in urban areas.